Some fungal endophytes are widespread and can be found in many different plant species, whereas others are highly specific to single. Since the isolation of paclitaxel in 1993 from an endophytic fungus of pacific yew. Biodiversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytes. Biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi in medicinal plants. Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense occurs when endophytic fungi, which live symbiotically with the majority of plants by entering their cells, often fungus or bacteruim, are utilized as an indirect defense against herbivores. Endophytic fungi were isolated from endemic medicinal plants of tirumala hills by the procedure of standardized and modified method described by hallman et al. Isolation and identification of lasparaginaseproducing. Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic. In our days medicinal plants are exploited for the isolation of plantderived drugs as they are very effective and have relatively less or no side effects. A total of 25 morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were isolated.
In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of. Pdf endophytic fungi are ubiquitous organisms found in the plants, residing. Fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy plant parts such as stem, root, rhizome, and inflorescence employing standard isolation methods. Endophytic fungi have been creating a considerable interest and curiosity among researchers since past three decades globally, owing to their recognition as an inexhaustible source of structurally and biologically novel compounds, alternative source of metabolites functionally identical to plant produced metabolites and their ability to impart. A total of 81 thai medicinal plant species collected from forests were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi with biological activity. Research article endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal.
Preliminary screening of endophytic fungi from medicinal. The present study was carried out to isolate, identify of endophytic fungi which are isolated from different. The recent work was conducted to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from the three medicinal plants papaver. In the current study, seven bacterial and five fungal endophytes were isolated from medicinal plant of t. Joshi microbiology laboratory, department of biotechnology and bioinformatics, northeastern hill university, umshing, shillong 793.
A total of two endophytic fungi were isolated from healthly leaves of euphorbia hirta l. Endophytic fungi are an important component of plant microbiota, and have the excellent capacity for producing a broad variety of bioactive metabolites. Whereas, endophytic fungi are poorly known, especially in the tropics. Sterile form 1, 3 and 7 could not be detected from herbswhereassterileform2and 6werenot noticed in shrubs. An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Gond sk, mishra a, sharma vk, verma sk, kumar j, kharwar rn, kumar a 2012 diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from nyctanthes arbortristis, a wellknown medicinal plant of india. Exploitation of novel classes of antimicrobial metabolites is increasingly noticeable over. A total of 81 thai medicinal plant species collected from forests in four geographical regions of thailand were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi with biological activity. Previous studies have reported the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi and bacteria from medicinal plants such as cressa cretica, achillea. Several decades of research and numerous articles on endophytic fungi in plants have resulted in a surfeit of knowledge of the group. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date. Distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of azadirachta. This was the first study to evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumour activities against brine shrimp and five types of tumour cells, respectively.
The endophytic fungi have been isolated from the different medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi and their metabolites isolated from indian. Assessment of diversity, distribution and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from a medicinal plant adenocalymma alliaceum miers. The fungus was identified by their characteristic cultural morphology and molecular analysis. These isolated inhibit growing of pathogenic bacteria s. The appropriate selection of host plants is important to increase the chances of isolation of novel endophytes which may produce new bioactive metabolites ratklao, 20.
Molecular phylogenetic identification of endophytic fungi. Pdf lovastatinproducing endophytic fungus isolated from. Hostspecificity was observed for few of the fungal endophytes isolated from two of the seven medicinal plants table 2. Therefore, in present survey of endophytic fungi isolated from ten medicinal plants from gujarat region have variations in endophytes and their relative percentage occurrence. A total of 153 endophytic fungi were isolated from 94 fresh plants and purified from 1974 tissue segments stems, leaves, and roots of. In this study, fortytwo endophytic filamentous fungi were isolated from ficus elastica leaves, and. One of the most successful stories of natural products from endophytes is the multibilliondollar anticancer drug taxol paclitaxel. Attention has been directed towards medicinal plants as these plants have been traditionally used for. Pdf endophytic fungi of some medicinal plants in egypt.
Cephalotaxus hainanensis li is well known for leukaemia treatment and its endophytic fungi were isolated to investigate the diversity and antimicrobial activity. A friendly relationship between endophytic fungi and. Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the medicinally. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endophytic fungi. Isolate sequence analyzed ncbi gene bank accession no.
Results endophytic fungi endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy, symptomless leaf and stem segments of n. Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years in folk medicines and still are used for their health benefits. Sensitivity was found to vary among the microorganisms. This study was conducted to isolate lasparaginaseproducing endophytic fungi from medicinal plants of family asteraceae. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants wiyakrutta et al. Bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus ampelomyces sp. Pdf extraction, purification and characterization of. Onehundred and thirtytwo endophytic strains were isolated from 18 medicinal plants from saint katherine protectorate, egypt. Plant growthpromoting activities for bacterial and fungal. Pdf diversity and biopotential of endophytic fungal flora. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants of virudhunagar district for antimicrobial activity 148 isolation of endophytic fungi leaves were thoroughly washed with mild detergent and running tap water and then airdried.
The samples were rinsed gently in running water to remove dust and debris. From the two methods used for the isolation of endophytic fungi, method 2 showed better growth of endophytes compared to method 1. Exploring the capacity of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants for fermentation and. The percentage occurrence of endophytic fungi varies with the host plants. The present study examined anti bacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi isolated from two mangrove plants. Lasparaginase is an important anticancer enzyme that is used in the first line treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants of p.
The edophtic fungi selected for this study were aspergillus flavus, botryodiplodia theobromae, cladosporium cladosporioides, fusarium sp. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plant trichilia elegans a. Accepted 02 december, 2014 a total of 255 species of wild medicinal plants were analyzed in northern and northeastern kyrgyzstan. Endophytic fungi with antimicrobial, anticancer and anti. Many medicinal plants possess antimicrobial activities, and have antagonistic endophytic fungi that help them protect from pathogen attack. Medicinal plants are a rich source of natural products used to treat many. The compound was initially isolated from the pacific yew tree, taxus brevifolia wani et al. Lovastatin is a potent drug for lowering blood cholesterol.
The endophytes were isolated from four medicinal plants viz. Isolation and screening of extracellular enzymatic. Endophytic fungi are a group of fungi which grow inside the plant tissues without causing negative symptoms to the host plant and are able to produce biologically active substances. Endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal plants of western ghats. The isolates were grouped into 35 distinct operational taxonomic units, based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer regions in the rrna gene. Diversity and biopotential of endophytic fungal flora isolated from eight medicinal plants of uttar pradesh, india. Several fungal endophytes have been isolated from a variety of plant species which have proved as a rich source of bioactive. Isolation of endophytic fungi from south african plants. Fungal enzymes are one of them which are used in food, beverages, confectionaries, textiles and leather industries to simplify the processing of raw materials. Indeed several interesting metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi belong to diverse chemical classes, including.
Molecular characterization and analysis of antimicrobial. Endophytic fungi diversity of wild terrestrial plants in. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from. Adathoda zeylanica clarke and bennet, coleus aromaticus benth, myrica nagi thunb and vitex nugundo linn. The colonization frequency and the dominant fungi percentage of these endophytic fungi.
From the year 1999 to 2010 there has been an upsurge in us patents registered on fungal endophytes, which are capable of producing important secondary metabolites. Of 582 pure isolates obtained, 360 morphologically distinct fungi were selected for cultivation on malt czapek broth and yeast extract sucrose broth, from which extracts were tested for biological activity. Jun 09, 2016 interestingly, genuine medicinal materials with the highest quality and best effects to a certain disease seems to have a special relationship with endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi from the chinese medicinal plant actinidia macrosperma were isolated and identified for the first time. Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with some medicinal. The endophytic fungi were subcultured on pda medium. Ninetyfive endophytic fungal were isolated 18 from leaves, 22 from sepals. Furthermore, bioprospe ction of natural prod ucts synthesize d by endophytes. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endophytic.
Endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal plants of western. Alternariatenuissima, colletotrichum truncatum, and alternaria sp. These microorganisms can be useful for prospectionof bioactive compounds that may have medical and pharmaceutical applications. The endophytic fungi may have the metabolic machinery to produce plant growth regulators and thereby promote seed germination in crop plants bhagobaty and joshi 2009. Medicinal plants are reported to harbour endophytes strobel 2002b, which in turn provide protection to their host from infectious agents and also provide adaptability to survive in adverse environmental conditions. Biological activity of endophytic fungi from the roots of. These bioactive metabolites not only affect the survival of the host plant, but also provide valuable lead compounds for novel drug discovery. Pdf bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endophytic fungi extracts of. Endophytic fungi had been previously isolated from leaves, stems and roots of a wide variety of plants in the temperate regions 68. Fungi growing on plant segments were isolated and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. From the limonia acidissima plant parts root, stem bark and leaves 31 isolates were obtained and out of that 3 endophytic fungi aspergillus flavus fr14, aspergillus fumigatus fs11 and aspergillus flavus fl3 were studied. Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia. Endophytes are bacteria or fungi which live inside the host plant and participate in many biological processes without causing disease or other advers.
Antimicrobial activity of bacterial endophytes from. Exploring the potential of endophytes from medicinal plants as. Abstract endophytes are microorganisms which inhabit inside plants. Medicinal plants are known to harbor endophytic fungi that are believed to be associated with the production of pharmaceutical commodities. Nov 24, 2012 endophytic fungi have been creating a considerable interest and curiosity among researchers since past three decades globally, owing to their recognition as an inexhaustible source of structurally and biologically novel compounds, alternative source of metabolites functionally identical to plant produced metabolites and their ability to impart resistance in host plants against various biotic. The present study investigated endophytic fungi isolated from orchids, which offer a great opportunity to discover new resources and bioactive compounds or enzymes with high biotechnological potential.
Antibacterial and antifungal potential of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi were first isolated from the fresh root of the chinese medicinal plant vernonia anthelmintica collected from the hotan prefecture within the xinjiang autonomous region of the peoples republic of china. Investigations of endophytes from this plant revealed that some fungi, such as taxomyces. Diversity and characterization of endophytic fungi. An increasing number of compounds with antibacterial activity are being isolated from endophytic fungi, including fumitremorgins b isolated from phomopsis sp. Materials and methods sample collection fresh leaf, stem and root samples of m. Therefore, it is important to survey endophytic mycoflora in the medicinal plants. In general, most endophyte research has been conducted on medicinal plants due to their ability to produce bioactive compounds.
An endophytic fungus can be isolated from diverse plant species belonging to different families and plant groups under various ecological and geographical conditions petrini, 1996. Colletotrichum dematium, nigrospora oryzae, heinesia rubi, pestalotiopsis guepinii, and unidentified red pycnidial form were isolated from the stem segments of t. A total of 25 fungal species were isolated from healthy leaves and identified based on the morphology of. The aim of this study was to examine endophytic fungi in traditional chinese medicinal plants, and understand if these organisms have antimicrobial activities and they can be potentially used for biological control of plant diseases. The screening of antimicrobial activity against grampositive bacteria, gramnegative bacteria, yeast and fungi was carried out on isopropanol extracts prepared from 121 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants in malaysia. Screening the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi diversity of wild terrestrial plants in kyrgyzstan tinatin doolotkeldieva, saykal bobusheva kyrgyzturkish manas university, 56 prospect mira, 720044, bishkek, kyrgyz republic. A total of 9 endophytic fungal isolates derived from 20 medicinal and aromatic. It also considersand their medicinal applications especially in the production of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral compounds. Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic xylariaceous fungi from medicinal plants of dendrobium orchidaceae juan chen1, lichun zhang1, yongmei xing1, yunqiang wang2, xiaoke xing1, dawei zhang1, han. They have isolated 105 endophytic fungi from these unripe fruits, from 29 taxa, at a rate of 68. Medicinal plants have been studied from the point of view of potential. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants of virudhunagar district for antimicrobial activity. Isolation of endophytic fungi and screening of huperzine a.
These endophytic fungi produced a wide range of industrially important bioactive compounds table 11. Endophytic fungi were isolated from seven medicinal plant species during monsoon and winter seasons, respectively. Isolation, characterization, and bioactivity of endophytic. This claim was supported by the findings of a group of chinese researchers who isolated endophytic fungi from several chinese medicinal plants, and further tested the antitumor and antifungal activities from their extracts. Exploring the capacity of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal. Endophytic fungi and their metabolites isolated from. Diverse fungal species live inside plant tissues, some of which presumably occur in a mutualistic association. Medicinal plants and plants that populate distinct biotopes have been considered as promising plant sources for the isolation of endophytes with high bioactivities.
Endophytic fungi from medicinal plant bauhinia forficata. Endophytes are those organisms that colonize the living internal tissues of their hosts without causing any visible symptoms. Endophytic fungi reside in the internal plant tissues and are potential source of the natural products that may be used in the discovery of novel antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor agents. Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants have the. Copyright mushroom research foundation 2016 diversity of. Special types of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants may be associated with the production of specific bioactive compounds needed by human. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the endophytic bacteria associated with g. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from. Extracellular enzymatic activities of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous organisms found in the plants, residing intercellular or intracellular, at least for a portion of their lives without causing apparent symptoms of infection.
Endophytic fungi isolated from different medicinal plants, azadirachta indica, citrus limon, gossypium hirsutum, magnolia champaca, datura stramonium, piper betle, phyllanthus emblica collected from the in k. An endophytic fungus phomopsis vexans was isolated from the healthy leaf tissues of solanum xanthocarpum, a medicinal plant, and screened for lovastatin production. Extracellular enzymatic activity of endophytic fungal strains. Endophytic fungi exhibit a complex web of interactions with host plants and have been extensively studied over the last several years as prolific sources of new bioactive natural products. Since many of the fungi isolated from plants are expected to be novel, it is padhi et al endophytic fungi with great promises. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from isachne globosa, a common rice weed found in sri lanka dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the module bt 3064 experimental plant biotechnology b.
Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic fungi. In exchange for carbohydrate energy resources, the fungus provides benefits to the plant which can include increased water or nutrient uptake and protection from. This was the first study to evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumour activities against brine shrimp and five types of tumour cells. Hostspeci city was observed for few of the fungal endophytes isolated from two of the seven medicinal plants table. In the present study, we report endophytic phoma species isolated from tinospora cordifolia and calotropis procera and their positive effect on growth enhancement of zea mays. A total of 19 endophytic fungal species were isolated from 400 segments of both leaf and stem tissues of n. Extracellular enzymatic activity of endophytic fungal. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from.
After which they were surface sterilized by submerging them in 75% ethanol for 2 min. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of crude. Older parts of endemic plant cordemoya integrifolia such as leaves, petioles were colonized higher by fungal endophytes than comparatively younger leaves. Pdf endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants have the ability. Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic xylariaceous fungi from. Pdf bioprospecting of novel and bioactive metabolites. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the isolation of putative bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with this medicinal plant and characterization these endophytes as pgpe. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi. Multiloci molecular characterisation of endophytic fungi. Apr 07, 2018 the term endophytes includes a family of microorganisms that grow intraandor intercellularly in the tissues of higher plants without any symptoms on the plants in which they reside. Antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from various. Seven healthy medicinal plants from family asteraceae were selected for the isolation of endophytic fungi using standard surface sterilization techniques.
Diversity of endophytic fungi from the ornamental plant adenium obesum. Pdf plant growth promotion and antimicrobial study of. In the present investigation ten medicinal plants were analyzed for the presence of endophytic fungi. A total of seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the medicinal plant phyllanthus reticulatus poir. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi.
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